Oral Cancer is the sixth most common cancer. It accounts for about 3.6% of all cancers diagnosed. 40,000 new cases or oral cancer are reported annually in the United States. Men are twice as likely as women to become ill. Most cancers are found in people over 45. Unfortunately oral cancers have the worst five-year survival rate of the five major cancers. This is because oral cancers are often not diagnosed in early stages.
The tissues most frequently affected are the tongue, soft palate tissues back of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lips, and gums. If not diagnosed and treated early, oral cancer can spread. This leads to chronic pain, loss of function, surgery, disfigurement, and even death.
While scientists aren't sure what causes oral cancer, it is known that certain factors increase the risk. Tobacco products, alcohol, certain foods, exposure to the sun, and genetics are among those factors. When tobacco and alcohol are both used, the risk of oral cancer is 15 times greater than if neither of these substances are used.
Generally painless in its early stages, oral cancers may appear as red, white, or discolored lesions, patches, and lumps in or around the mouth. As it spreads, it becomes more painful. Any of the following may indicate a problem:
- A sore that persists longer than two weeks
- A swelling, growth or lump anywhere in or about the mouth or neck
- White or red patches in the mouth or on the lips
- Repeated bleeding from the mouth or throat
- Difficulty swallowing or persistent hoarseness
Dentists screen for cancer during routine checkups. They feel for lumps and inspect tissues looking for sores and discoloration. If anything suspicious is found, a biopsy will be ordered to definitively identify the anomaly. Tumors are removed by surgery. This may be followed by radiation therapy.
You may lessen your chances of getting oral cancer by not using tobacco products and limiting alcohol consumption. Eating fruits and vegetables may also safeguard against oral cancer. The primary preventive measure, however, is to get regular six-month dental checkups that include cancer screenings.
